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(8 May 2019) Clinical trials in China using deep brain stimulation or DBS may hold the key to treating drug users, literally with the flip of a switch. China is emerging as a hub for this research as Western attempts to push forward with human trials have foundered. The first clinical trial of DBS for methamphetamine addiction is being conducted at Shanghai's Ruijin Hospital and the very first patient in the trial is Yan. Yan insisted that only his surname be used because he fears losing his job if he is identified. DBS has long been used for movement disorders like Parkinson's. The surgery involves implanting a device that acts as a kind of pacemaker for the brain, electrically stimulating targeted areas. Scientists in Europe have struggled to recruit patients for their DBS addiction studies, and complex ethical, social and scientific questions have made it hard to push forward with this kind of work in the United States, where the devices can cost 100,000 US dollars to implant. China has a long, if troubled, history of brain surgery on drug addicts. Even today, China's punitive anti-drug laws can force addicts into years of compulsory treatment, including "rehabilitation" through labour. It has a large patient population, government funding and ambitious medical device companies ready to pay for DBS research. There are eight registered DBS clinical trials for drug addiction being conducted in the world, according to a US National Institutes of Health database. Six are in China. But the suffering wrought by the opioid epidemic may be changing the risk-reward calculus for doctors and regulators in the United States. Assistant professor Meaghan Creed, who is researching DBS at Washington University in St. Louis, said the addiction crisis in America makes the new treatment "important and very timely". The experimental surgery is now coming to the US. In February, the US Food and Drug Administration greenlighted a clinical trial in West Virginia of DBS for opioid addicts. Some critics believe this surgery should not be allowed. They argue that such human experiments are premature, and will not address the complex biological, social and psychological factors that drive addiction. Scientists don't fully understand how DBS works and there is still debate about where electrodes should be placed to treat addiction. There is also skepticism in the global scientific community about the general quality and ethical rigor - particularly around issues like informed consent - of clinical trials done in China. Dr. Sun Bomin, Director of Ruijin Hospital's functional neurosurgery department, believes human patients are necessary for DBS research trials, unlike other disorders that can employ animal testing.    In China, DBS devices can cost less than 25,000 US dollars. Many patients pay cash. China's studies have offered mixed results. Sun and his colleagues have published one case study, describing a heroin addict who fatally overdosed three months after getting DBS. But a separate pilot study published in January by doctors at a military hospital in Xi'an showed that five of eight heroin addicts stayed off drugs for two years after DBS surgery. Based on those results, SceneRay is seeking Chinese regulatory approval of its DBS device for addiction, and funding a multi-site clinical trial targeting 60 heroin addicts. As for Yan, more than five months later, he said he's still off drugs. With sobriety, his skin cleared and he put on 20 pounds. Find out more about AP Archive: http://www.aparchive.com/HowWeWork Twitter: https://twitter.com/AP_Archive Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/APArchives ​​ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/APNews/ You can license this story through AP Archive: http://www.aparchive.com/metadata/youtube/8e658b62c6de89c55e44adc3811f2283 Key Highlights & Overview: Discover <strong>Bomin Sun</strong> with full bitrate audio and track info today on <strong>MP3 Music Download</strong>.